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GD&T Reference & Calculator

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GD&T Selection Assistant

What do you want to control?

Choose the functional intent. DraftFit takes you to a family of controls to evaluate — it does not automatically generate a drawing tolerance.

Controls to evaluateShape of one feature

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Form Tolerances

Profile Tolerances

Orientation Tolerances

Location Tolerances

Runout Tolerances

▱

Flatness

ISO 1101:2017

ISO mode uses ISO 1101:2017 as the reference framework for this educational guide. Educational reference only — always interpret the production drawing according to the explicitly invoked standard, revision and company requirements.

Category

Form Tolerances

Datum

NO

Zone

two-planes

When to use this

Use it when an entire surface must be flat in itself, independent of another surface or datum.

Common confusion

Flatness is not parallelism. Flatness does not reference a datum; parallelism does.

📖Engineering Definition

Controls the form of an entire surface independently of any datum. Flatness limits how much the actual surface may depart from an ideal plane.

▱Tolerance Zone

The complete controlled surface must lie between two parallel planes separated by the flatness tolerance.

◈ Datum Requirement

No datum reference

Flatness does not require and is not referenced to a datum.

📏Inspection / Measurement Method

Typical inspection methods include CMM surface sampling, surface-plate methods, precision scanning or dedicated form-measuring equipment. The measured points are evaluated against two parallel planes defining the minimum or specified tolerance zone.

⚠ Engineering Note

Simply placing the controlled surface directly on a surface plate can constrain or mask its natural form. The setup and support strategy must be appropriate for the inspection objective.

Related controls to compare

Example Feature Control Frame

▱0.05

* Educational example only — the actual FCF must follow the drawing requirement.

Engineering report

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Formulas & methodology

  • GD&T controls are primarily geometric requirements rather than one universal numerical formula.
  • Evaluation depends on the defined tolerance zone, feature type, datum reference frame, material-condition modifiers and the applicable standard rules.
  • Where a positional tolerance is specified as a diameter, the controlled axis or derived median line must remain within the cylindrical tolerance zone defined by the feature-control frame.

Engineering basis & standards

  • ISO mode is organized around ISO 1101 concepts and related GPS practices.
  • ASME mode is organized around ASME Y14.5-2018 concepts. Controls not present in that edition are not offered as current ASME controls in the tool.

Assumptions

  • The reference assumes conventional drawing interpretation and does not replace the full set of cross-referenced GPS or ASME standards.
  • Inspection guidance is representative and may not be the only valid verification method.

Warnings / limits

  • Do not copy an example feature-control frame blindly onto a production drawing; datum scheme and modifiers must match functional design intent.
  • For contractual drawings, verify the exact standard edition stated on the drawing or company specification.

Related engineering reading